... Babylonian Talmud: Baba Mezi'a 43         Previous Folio / Baba Mezi'a Contents / Tractate List / Navigate Site Babylonian Talmud: Tractate Baba Mezi'a Baba Mezi'a 43a and he must pay him the value of the thorns.1 MISHNAH. IF A MAN DEPOSITS MONEY WITH A MONEY-CHANGER, IF BOUND UP, HE MUST NOT USE IT: THEREFORE IF IT IS LOST, HE DOES NOT BEAR THE RISKS THEREOF;2  IF LOOSE...

..., HE MAY USE IT; THEREFORE IF IT IS LOST, HE BEARS THE RISKS.3  [BUT IF HE DEPOSITS IT] WITH A PRIVATE INDIVIDUAL, WHETHER IT IS BOUND UP OR LOOSE, HE MAY NOT USE IT; THEREFORE IF IT IS LOST, HE DOES NOT BEAR THE RISKS THEREOF. A SHOPKEEPER IS AS A PRIVATE INDIVIDUAL: THIS IS R. MEIR'S VIEW. R. JUDAH SAID: A SHOPKEEPER IS AS A MONEY-CHANGER. GEMARA. Because it is bound up he may not use it!4...

...  — Said R. Assi in Rab Judah's name: This was taught of [money] bound up and sealed.5  R. Mari said: [It means that it was tied] with an unusual knot.6  Others say, R. Mari propounded: What if [it was tied with] an unusual knot? — The question stands. IF LOOSE, HE MAY USE IT, etc. R. Huna said: Even if an [unpreventable] accident happened thereto [he is responsible]. But he...

... paid bailee in respect thereto,12 R. Nahman raised an objection to R. Huna's ruling: If he [the treasurer of the Sanctuary] deposits money13  with a money-changer, if bound up, he may not use it; therefore if he expends it, the treasurer is not liable to a trespass offering.14  If loose, he may use it; therefore if he expends it, the treasurer is liable to a trespass offering.15  But...

... if you Say, even if an [unpreventable] accident befalls it [the money changer is responsible], why particularly if he expends it? Even if he does not expend it, he should likewise be [liable]!16  — He replied: The same law holds good even if he does not expend it; but since the first clause states [if he expends it],17  the second clause teaches likewise, [if] he expends it. MISHNAH...

... paid trustee. Surely the depositor may have bound it up for safety, not to shew that the money-changer was not to use it! Which was not necessary for mere safety, but to intimate that it was not to be used. Which he must have made to prevent the money-changer from opening the package. Which implies that he is not responsible for (unpreventable) accidents. Which are unpreventable accidents. 'Lost' in...

... actually uses it, he does indeed become a borrower. But until then his benefit is only potential, and it is sufficient that this potential benefit shall render him a paid bailee, and not a borrower. Of the Sanctuary, in error thinking it his own. In accordance with Lev. V, 15, for putting money dedicated to the Sanctuary to secular use. Since it was bound up, the treasurer had not authorised him to use...

... it, and therefore the money-changer is liable. Tosef. Me'il. II. For since the money-changer is responsible for unpreventable accidents, he is evidently regarded as a borrower from the moment it reaches his hand, even before he actually uses it. But in that case the treasurer has already withdrawn it from the possession of the Sanctuary, and that alone involves a trespass offering. And there it is...

.... Akiba came and taught: 'that thy brother may live with thee:' thy life takes precedence over his life.1 An objection was raised: If their father left them usury money, though they know it to be usury, they are not bound to return it. [This implies,] But their father is bound to return it!2  — In truth, their father too is not bound to return it: but because the second clause desires to...

...], only if he acts as is fitting for 'thy people'?5  — It is as R. Phinehas [in another connection] said in Raba's name: If he repented; so here too, [we deal with a case] where he repented. But if he repented, how came it [the money] to be still in his possession?6  — He died before he had time to return it. An objection was raised: Robbers, and those who lend on usury, even when...

... remedied.] I.e., having lent money upon interest, and drawn up a bond, it is the lender's duty to tear it up, thus rendering it invalid. [Where, however, payment was exacted, restitution effects no remedy of the offence.] I.e., R. Nehemiah's and R. Eliezer b. Jacob's. So that tearing up the bond is the equivalent of returning the interest. [And if the tearing up of the bond is considered a remedial...

... a debt for the value thereof.10  And as it has been taught: If one was his neighbour's creditor for a maneh, and he went and stood at his [the debtor's] granary and demanded, 'Give me my money, as I wish to purchase wheat therewith;' to which he answered, 'I have wheat with which to supply you; go and calculate [the amount] at the current price, and I will furnish you with it, [spreading it...

... thirty denarii's worth of wheat [calculated at the current price] and repurchased it for a gold denar.15  Now,16  if the debtor has wine, which he gives him against the thirty denarii, he [the creditor] merely receives provisions from him, and there is no objection; but, if not, since he has no wine, to receive money certainly smacks of usury.17  Raba said to him: If so [instead of...

...], GIVE ME MY WHEAT, the Tanna should state, 'Give me the money for my wheat'!18  — Read: 'the money for my wheat.' [Instead of,] AS I WISH TO SELL IT, he should state, 'Which I sold you.' Read: 'which I sold you.' THE WHEAT SHALL BE ACCOUNTED AS A DEBT TO ME OF THIRTY DENARII — but from the very beginning, had it not been fixed thus against him?19  — He said thus to him...

... merchant, it is not interest. Why then is this forbidden in the Mishnah? The vendor did not return to the purchaser the money he had received from him for the wheat, but indebted himself for it on the basis of the present advanced price, and undertook to supply him with wine to its value. I.e., the payment for the wheat. Now, had he actually received money, it would not be forbidden as interest despite...

... the possible rise in the price, as on p. 372, n. 8, but as he receives no money, should he have to pay more later, the excess is usury; and it is likewise so in the Mishnah. For in the Baraitha quoted, he actually has wheat, yet it is forbidden. A maneh contains 100 zuz, and a sela' = 4 zuz; hence 24 sela' = 96 zuz. The debtor, being in urgent need of the money, had to sell it for less than its real...

... Anselm Bauer (Rothschild) Mayer Amschel had five sons and five daughters Mayer Amschel and five sons meet singular good fortune "Mayer Amschel Rothschild embezzled the money" The Rothschilds gain entry into europe's high society The walls of Jerico [Frankfurt] come tumbling down The Rothschilds plunder the five great powers The period of 1820 onwards became the age of the Rothschilds Coningsby - an...

... France survives communist onslaughts The House of Rothschild and its priceless possessions remained untouched The money for the Commune must have come from the Rothschilds Rothschilds create a new leader - Otto Bismarck 300 men rule the world Salomon Rothschild shows his financial clout Salomon gets a title "Baron" bestowed upon him The League of Nations - an attempt to destroy United States...

... Rothschild Dynasty - the only beneficiary of the Peel Amendment Rothschilds - lord and master over the money markets of the world The blatant disregard of the Constitution strengthened International Socialism Who was Disraeli? The politics of Disraeli consisted chiefly in his hatred of Russia Rothschilds surrogate financed attack on Russia Jacob Schiff was tied to the Rothschilds through his birth Just...

... to an obsession with money and insatiable appetites for power. For the most part we are left to guess at what went on in the minds of this powerful family who were determined to become the hidden rulers of Europe and Great Britain, and indeed, the world. It was not that they were aided by good looks or a pleasing manner of speech like the natural attributes of the Irish race. On the contrary, they...

... are Jews, a fact they never sought to conceal or downplay. Throughout history, from India to Babylon to Palestine in ancient times, money matters have always been principally the trade of the Jews. In the money markets of Frankfurt, London, New York and Hong Kong, the Jewish financier predominated. By 1917 they were strung out across the world. On the stock exchanges of London, Paris and New York...

... generations, indeed there is a record in the British Museum that they dated back to the beginning of the 16 th century. By the 18th century they were quite a large group. I identified twenty antecedents of Mayer Amschel, the eldest of three sons whose parents were in the business of dealing in money, both buying and selling, in which he assisted from the age of ten. The small business was really a type of...

... foreign money-exchange since at that time Germany consisted of 350 principalities, each with its own currency. Apparently they were forbidden to follow the professions open to all non-Jews in Frankfurt. There is no doubt that Jews were subject to all sorts of restrictions, some of which were rather unjust. The family home was a mock-Gothic wooden hut where Mayer Amschel lived with his mother and father...

... in the family and never marry outside of it. He explained the Hebrew law of "neshek" meaning literally, "a bite", the word for interest and "how it was to be applied outside of, and not to, the Hebrews." Secrecy was to be paramount; no one outside of the family was ever to know how much money they had. According to author John Reeves who in his book, The Rothschilds...

... at the Oppenheimer Bank, Amschel had the singular good fortune to meet Lieutenant General Baron von Estorff, an aristocrat closest to the Landgrave of Hesse-Cassell, an extremely important family with an ancestry dating back hundreds of years. In The Rothschild Money Trust by Armstrong, it is stated that the Landgrave was William IX: "He became a money lender and agent for William IX...

..., leaving 600,000 pounds (about $3,000,000) with Mayer Rothschild for safekeeping. According to legend, this money was hidden away in wine casks, and escaped the search of Napoleon's soldiers when they entered Frankfurt, was restored intact to the electorate. The facts are less romantic and more business-like. The papers I examined show that the "Elector", as he became known was none too...

... scrupulous himself as to the origin of money that flowed into his coffers. Hessian mercenaries were his stock-in-trade, hired to those who had the most money to pay for them. The Hessians had developed their contract with the ruler, which made it clear that the Prince would receive a large down payment at the start of military operations for which they had been hired. Then, there was to be a supplementary...

...; about 15,000-17,000 Hessians each year. Although there is no direct proof that Amschel and Budurus were the authors of the following scheme, it seems very likely that they were. Instead of the lump sum and payments being sent to Kassel, the home of the Prince, the money was retained in England where it was invested. The interest thereon (negotiated by Amschel) was paid to the Landgrave in drafts. That...

... portion of the money actually transferred to Kassel was then used to provide high interest loans to other needy princes. This resulted in a tremendous movement of funds in and out of Kassel with substantial income for the Landgrave, who had taken up with the Von Turn and Taxis family who held the postal monopoly for all of Europe. The mercenaries, who had done the most to earn the money, got nothing...

... how Amschel got his start, and more fully disclosed than anything that has appeared in print before. Critics say that the facts are far from those suggested in the Encyclopedia. Cherep-Spiridovich says bluntly, that the money was not returned to the Landgrave and was in fact stolen by Amschel. In The Rothschild Money Trust, author Armstrong states: "Mayer Amschel Rothschild embezzled the money" The...

... facts are entirely 'less romantic.' Mayer Amschel Rothschild embezzled the money. This money was tainted from its origin. It was paid by the British Government to the Landgrave for the service of his soldiers; used to suppress the American Revolution, and the soldiers were morally entitled to it. It was first embezzled by William of Hesse and then by Mayer Amschel. This twice-stolen money is the...

... foundation of the huge Rothschild fortune. It has ever since been true to its origin. There is not an honestly acquired dollar in the hundreds of billions now possessed by the Rothschild family. Instead of putting the money in wine casks, Mayer Amschel Rothschild sent the entire sum to his son Nathan in London, and where he established the London branch of the family. This was most probably the money used...

... gain millions as well as political advancement. He became the agent for the Landgrave of Hesse and the first government loan he arranged was in 1802, when the Danish government borrowed ten million thalers. Although it was not known at the time, the money came from the vast fortune of the Landgrave family. To curry favor, Amschel said he would give his share of the profits to Frederic II, but never...

... captured Coblenz. Fearing that his corrupt practices would be revealed (actually the schemes of Amschel the "front man") by the occupation, Elector Wilhelm I fled, having signed over control to Amschel. This is the true account of how the Rothschilds got their money. It was not by pawn brokering, smart speculation or any other of the widely accepted fairy tales that sound so romantic. The...

... in which Mayer left the bulk of his money to his five sons and much less to his daughters, was the hallmark of how he and his forbears regarded women as the weak link in the chain. Females were to be used for arranged marriages inside the family, for business. In other words, marriages were to be arranged with an eye to business advantages. There was no thought of "equality" of male and...

... the problem was to become his trademark. On the birth of Napoleon's son, Grand Duke Dalberg of Frankfurt wanted to go to Paris and pay his respects, but none of the banks would lend him the money to make the trip. Old Amschel however, saw the possibilities of putting Dalberg in his debt, and lent him eighty thousand gulden at five percent. No pressure was put on the Grand Duke to repay the loan as...

... long as the interest was paid, but at the same time, there was no favor asked by the Rothschilds that the Grand Duke could or did refuse. Amschel and his family were engaged in extensive smuggling operations in defiance of the French boycott of England out of which the Rothschilds made a great deal of money. Suspicion fell on Amschel, and a raid was set for May 1809. Dalberg, who never missed a...

... chance to borrow money from Amschel at lenient rates, tipped him off about the pending raid through his executive Commissioner of Police, von Eitzlein. Frantic activity placed contraband and incriminating documents with reliable friends, so that when Inspector Savagner and his men arrived they found old Mayer Amschel in bed, and a search failed to turn up anything incriminating. Although Napoleon's...

... from that source. Baron James became a great personality. Kings and ministers were obliged to reckon with him and he justified this by financing a loan of 520 million francs to the Government of the Restoration, which needed the money after the great wars of the Revolution and of the Empire. In his Juifs de l'Epoque Toussenei wrote: One can take the fatal year 1815 as the era of new power; though...

... paid for each government bond of 100 francs only 50 francs and received five francs as interest, which made ten percent on the money, loaned and the following year the principle began to return twofold. James became the lender of Kings. This added to his speculation on the Exchange where he was able to influence the rise and fall of stocks swelled the baron's earnings into millions. Between 1815 and...

... the Rothschilds. As previously explained, the work of fiction, Coningsby, by Disraeli was a thinly disguised account of the life of Nathan Rothschild II, and extremely revealing: His father [Nathan Rothschild] had established a brother in most of the principal capitals. Here he was lord and master of the money markets of the world, and, of course, virtually lord and master of everything else. He...

... Minister of England", which Melbourne thought fanciful and impossible. Of course Melbourne did not know at that time about Disraeli's "Rothschild" connection. But first, the necessary financing had to come from somewhere. At twenty-two he began "speculating" on the Stock Market, a highly unlikely occupation for a man who was always without any money. A certain Thomas Jones - more...

... than likely an assumed name - came up with two thousand pounds to start with, increasing to nine thousand pounds - a huge sum of money at the time to invest in a penniless writer of no experience! It does not take much imagination to come to the conclusion that "Thomas Jones" was Nathan Rothschild. As was the case with the biographers of Napoleon I, Bismarck, Mettemich, Marshal Soult (who...

... Rothschilds always ready to bail Benjamin out of financial trouble, particularly in 1835, 1849, 1857 and 1862 when his debts amounted to what today would have been about $300,000 without means of payment. With his enemy, the Duke of Portland hounding him, he was "loaned the money" by a front man for Baron de Rothschild, one Philip Rose, who just happened to be staying at the same resort and spa...

... hotel in Torquay at the same time as the Baron Rothschild. We are led to believe, that Rose persuaded Rothschild to loan the money Disraeli needed. Situated on the East Coast of England, Torquay was a fashionable resort town, boasting fine hotels and spas, often patronized by royalty and its hangers on. In a letter to his sister in December of that year, Benjamin wrote: He likes to give to his friends...

... the role of the world's new Roman Empire. In short, the United States was turned from its Christian Republican form of government into an imperial power to conquer the world for and on behalf of International Socialism. Behind these powerful changes stood the power, the money and the guiding hand of the Rothschilds. I shall attempt to make way through the major events that triggered these and other...

... Banker's Federation, Plunderbund. The British Government is the camouflage behind which the money kings of the world have hitherto hid their economic warfare upon the masses of the people. There is no direct proof that the Rothschilds were implicated in bringing on the French Revolution to happen, but there is ample evidence that Mirabeau was a member of the Les Amis Reunis as was his partner, Talleyrand...

... "French" Revolution was plotted. There was also the connection with Adam Weishaupt, founder of the Illuminati through Wilhelmsbad. The Rothschild Money Trust, page 17 states: It is also admitted, as they allege, that the Illuminati played a major role in bringing on the bloody days of 1789, that it was founded and reputedly financed by Jews and that the great House of Rothschild was then...

... just rising to financial heights. There is evidence that it was in fact financed by the 'great House of Rothschild' and that the French Revolution was in fact brought about by Jews. It was the final act that freed the Jews from their political and civil disabilities in France. Unfortunately for history, The Rothschild Money Trust does not provide sources that could support the claim that the French...

... Revolution was financed by the Rothschilds. Amschel sends for Weishaupt, a beggar at the time In 1782 after "acquiring" the huge fortune of the Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel, Amschel sent for Weishaupt who at the time was living the life of a beggar. Weishaupt was a man of low degree then struggling to find money to pay for an illegal abortion that had been performed on his sister-in-law. After his...

... Napoleon. Yet not much is ever said about how he rose from obscurity to fame. Like most of those "adopted" by the Rothschilds, Napoleon was dirt poor when Talleyrand introduced him to the Rothschilds. He did not have the money to pay the laundry shop bill, and had only one shirt. His uniform had been supplied by Josephine Beauharnais, whom he later married after Count Paul de Barras had cast...

... her off as his mistress. In 1786 Napoleon was a sub-lieutenant, a poor very junior officer without any money, going from door-to-door seeking employment to supplement his pay. It was a time when the people of Europe had grown tired of "Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity." Amschel was disappointed that Weishaupt had made little progress against the Church, particularly, the Catholic Church...

..., and was seeking "new talent." The fire and ardor of the Corsican impressed Amschel enough to set him up with sufficient money to live decently. H. Fischer, in an article seen in the British Museum wrote: "In 1790 Napoleon succeeded by means, even then judged to be unscrupulous in securing his election as second in command of a whole battalion." How did he do it? Charles...

... with Augustine, who was to be fully as pitiless as his elder brother. According to the autobiography of Wolf Tone (Barry 1893) Robespierre was an Illuminist. A nominal Christian, Napoleon soon sensed the hatred for Christianity that burned in the breast of Amschel, and so he resorted to simulation to please his new money supplier. He turned against the Catholic Church. The humiliation of the Pope was...

... a very pleasing prospect to Amschel, and money began to flow into Napoleon's pockets in ever-increasing amounts. Thus is his "stunning rise to power", his "astonishing successes" explained! As we say in modern parlance, the writers and biographers of Napoleon failed to follow the money trail. The failure of Weishaupt to destroy the Catholic Church, the purpose for which he was...

... acknowledged by H.G. Wells who called the Corsican genius "a wrecker, (of the revolution) hard, competent, capable, possessing initiative", but he failed to mention his financial backer, without whose masses of money, these traits of character would not have availed him much. Like Kerensky, Trotsky, Disraeli, Lloyd George and Bismarck, Amschel took over Napoleon when he was of no importance, and...

... marry a Mlle Cavanaugh, who had money. He gained his object. His wife died, bequeathing him her heart in a leaden case. He buried it. A year later he had a desperate passion for another rich heiress, who declined it. (An Imperial Victim, page 321) After the death of Marie, Louise Bombelles was appointed Comptroller to the Emperor of Austria. Rumors that she died of poison floated about Parma and...

... the roadbed. James consented to spend 60 millions in providing rail cars etc. He received during 40 years 17 millions yearly by way of income, i.e. 620 millions in interest plus the principal of 60 millions. In this undertaking the Rothschilds used 60 millions of their depositors' money for which they paid them 4% interest, or 2,400,000 yearly, thus getting 14,600,000 francs per annum for their...

... special area of expertise in lending money to governments of Europe and indeed, the world, I examined the work of John Reeves, whose book we have referred to frequently, and will continue to refer to throughout the remainder of this work as well as the sources in the papers in the British Museum. A much overlooked aspect of negro slavery in america Chapter 9 Before turning to the aspect of successful...

... money-lending, in America as engaged in by the Rothschilds, I shall touch upon the question of slavery that has arisen in recent years. Some say that the descendants of the Negroes should be compensated for the hardship afflicted upon their forbears. It is an important issue given the fact, that the Rothschilds used slavery as an excuse to foment the American Civil War. The idea was said to have come...

... individual to maintain its credit, and with its credit, its existence as an empire? (Page 248) Rothschild's hold over the British Government through extensive loans This very accurately described the Rothschild bankers and their hold over the British Government through extensive loans. No wonder that President Garfield once said: Whoever controls the money controls that nation. The Rothschild's progeny...

... Frankfurt. This operation netted Nathan 100%. Thus the Rothschilds made colossal profits with the money of the Landgrave, but took all the profits for themselves. (Maria O'Grady and John Reeves) James Rothschild defeates Tsar Nicolas I of Russia As I said earlier, the descendants of Mayer Amschel became the most powerful men in the world. The one example, perhaps more than any that marks the truth of this...

... fortunately for Hertzen he found a champion in the elder Rothschild. The latter informed the Czar that as Hertzen's bonds were as good as any other Russian bonds, he was reluctantly compelled to conclude the insolvency of the Russian Government. Should the bonds not be paid immediately, he would declare the Czar bankrupt in all the European money markets. Nicholas was beaten. He put his pride in his pocket...

... and paid the bonds. Hertzen himself relates the story in The Bell under the title, King Rothschild and Emperor Nicholas I." (The Fortnightly Review, by Dr. A.S. Rappaport, page 655) From these accounts it can be seen just how much the legend of Amschel Rothschild having made his money as a pawnbroker wears thin in the face of reality, and yet the myth endures that pawn broking was in the...

... branched out into tax collecting for the French Treasury and engaged in widespread money lending. When the fortunes of the king changed, and through the Restoration, (the 100 Days of Napoleon) it did not matter who was at the head of affairs, all were beholden to James Rothschild. He seemed able to change sides without losing one scrap of face or influence. The end of Napoleon at Waterloo, engineered by...

.... The Rothschilds had lived in fear of Napoleon after he refused to attack Christian kings and Christian nations. With peace once more in the air, banker's loans became the biggest and best opportunity to make money, and the Rothschilds exploited it to the full. Nathan Rothschild settles French debts Chapter 10 The French Government had to settle its wartime indemnities and for this, they needed to...

... borrow money. By lending Louis XVIII the money it took to make a triumphant, but dignified return, Nathan Rothschild ensured a "place in the sun" for James. The sum of money was reputed to be 5 million francs. True to the teachings of old Mayer Amschel, Nathan did nothing for nothing. His game plan for the loan was to oblige the king to open the doors for James to get into the high circles of...

... weakness for women, lots of women, providing von Gentz with the money it took through "easy terms" as we say today. Von Gentz got all the women he could handle, plus many other luxuries he had not hitherto been able to afford. Thus did James come to "own" von Gentz. James' palace became a magnet for Communists and Socialists James' palace became a magnet for all types of politicians...

... invest in the new fad. Pereira was a young Sephardim Jew employed by James to do the day-today supervision of the construction work. Through it all, James and Nathan did not stray far from the tricks of the trade taught them by Mayer Amschel, that being never to lose sight of the goal that money was everything. A particular deal, one of many that James and Nathan were offered, was that of official...

... which I cannot regard as good or moral, the House of Rothschild is a much more important influence in French affairs than the foreign office of any country, except perhaps, England. The great motive force is their money. People who hope for philanthropy and who have to suppress all criticisms under the weight of gold, need a great deal of it. The fact of corruption is dealt with quite openly, that...

... practical element, in the fullest sense of the word, in the modem representative system. Too late did Metternich realize that by selling Austria he was playing right into the hands of the international revolutionaries, and when the revolutionary fires began to burn, despite his exalted rank, Prince Metternich had to flee Vienna on money borrowed from Salomon Rothschild. It is doubted by historians, that...

... Mettemich had fled the city on money borrowed from Solomon Rothschild. (Page 219) James Rothschild gave Leder-Rollin seven hundred and fifty thousand francs in support of the 1848 revolution. It was said that he was compelled to do so under Rollin's threat to burn the Palais Rothschild in the Rue Lafitte. In the three days of street fighting in June of 1848, Louis Eugene Cavalgnac emerged victorious; He...

... immediately assumed dictatorial powers and was nominated president of the council of ministers by the National Assembly. By free use of large sums of money Rothschild ingratiated himself with the new power in France, and was as much at home with Cavalgnac as he had been with Louis Philippe. It was soon said that he was as good a Republican as he had been monarchist. The French Workers Party claimed him as...

..., glory is humbled, and dominion is broken, but the Jew, the Monarch of our time held his throne. The Paris Commune was the first Communist government in Europe. Of the Rothschilds, O'Grady writes: Their fabulous command of unlimited supplies of money broke down all barriers for the Rothschilds. The dazzle of great wealth increased their social prestige everywhere. The powerful, the great kings, princes...

... of the city and made their way to England, Switzerland and Latin America. The Paris Commune having run its course, collapsed in a frenzy of blood lust. The money for the Commune must have come from the Rothschilds There appears to be little doubt that the vast sum of money it took to run the Commune (it only lasted for two months) must have come from the Rothschilds. The leaders of the Commune...

... spent 42 million francs, an enormous sum of money for that day. Even with the most prolific squandering it is hard to see how it could have spent as much as one third of that amount. This means that some 25 million francs disappeared in some direction, probably Switzerland, and possibly in the baggage of the head of the Bank of France, or rather its Assistant Governor, the Marquis de Poleis, who...

... accompanied Beslay to Switzerland, when the latter was given a safe conduct pass to leave the country after the suppression of the Commune. (The Untold History, John Reeves) The general feeling at the time was that Beslay, who had been appointed to the Bank of France by the Paris Commune (in other words, indirectly by the Rothschilds) had rescued the money for them and that the Rothschilds arranged the safe...

..., 1925, also confirmed that Louise Menken was the descendant of Haim Solomon. Certain researchers and historians hotly dispute that the money Solomon gave to Washington was his own, but that it came from the Rothschilds, Solomon being their mere conduit. They point to the fact that in spite of giving all his money to Washington, Haim continued to live in luxury. The story of how Bismarck was co-opted...

... Clemenceau are culpable only to the extent that they acted in obedience to a power they dared not oppose. These three Jews, representing the money power of the Rothschild family, determined the essential provisions of the infamous peace treaty. They established the International Labor Board; they made provisions for the Reparations Commission and the Brussels Financial Conference; they gave Palestine to...

... the Jews; they established without our membership the League of Nations and the World Court. It was our refusal to join that prevented the consummation of their grandiose elaborate machine for the government of the World. (Rothschild Money Trust, pages 67, 68) Although the name of Colonel House is not mentioned in this account, nevertheless it was House who more than Baruch represented the...

... Rothschild interests in the United States at the conference. Continuing from The Rothschild Money Trust: "The most elaborate sham which history has yet perpetrated" These three Jews are responsible for the abandonment of President Wilson's Fourteen Points and of the flagrant violations of the promises upon which Germany laid down her arms. If President Wilson's pledges had been observed we would have no...

... organization in America come into being... But despite the events in Eastern Europe ... the impact of the movement was hardly noticed in American life. Europe, after all, was far away and the situation of American Jewry and its prospects gave no cause for concern. The movement was basically 'East Side' in character. It lacked money, prestige and political influence. Its leaders, on the other hand, were...

... public by the promise of a National Home in Palestine, held by Ludendorf to be a masterstroke of propaganda, as it enabled us not only to appeal to the Jews in America, but to the Jews in Germany as well. George Armstrong in his work The Rothschild Money Trust explains how this came about: There can be no doubt about the fact that prior to President Wilson's second election in 1916 he kept us out of...

.... From documents and papers I studied in the British Museum in London, it was clear that shortly before the death of Mayer Amschel, his fortune exceeded the combined fortunes of the world's richest men. The full extent of the Rothschild fortune was never made known, but what is known is that it grew at an astronomical rate. Amschel knew the power of money and like old John D. Rockefeller who aped his...

... disguised) ideal portrait of him... He brought about the enactment of the disabilities bill which permitted Jews to hold office in England. He advanced the British government the money for the Irish famine loan (about $40,000,000) and also for the Crimean War (about $80,000,000) and for twenty-four years he acted as the agent for the Russian government. He had a large share in the successful funding of...

... Controllers of Nations gives a good accounting of the Rothschilds achievements: Little could Mayer have anticipated that his sons would in after years come to exercise such an unbounded sway that the peace of nations would depend on their nod; that the powerful control they exercised on the European money markets would enable them to pose as the arbiters of peace and war, since they could at their pleasure...

... Representatives on the Federal Reserve Bank, the courageous McFadden said: Mr. Chairman, we have in this country one of the most corrupt institutions the world has ever known. I refer to the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve banks. The Federal Reserve Board, a Government board, has cheated the Government of the United States and the people of the United States out of enough money to pay the national...

... debt. The depredations and the iniquities of the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal reserve banks acting together have cost this country enough money to pay the national debt several times over. This evil institution has impoverished and ruined the people of the United States; has bankrupted itself, and has practically bankrupted our Government. It has done this through defects of the law under...

... our American institutions. These bankers took money out of this country to finance a war against Russia. They created a reign of terror in Russia with our money... They financed Trotsky's mass meetings of discontent and rebellion in New York. They paid Trotsky's passage from New York to Russia so that he might assist in the destruction of the Russian Empire. They fomented and instigated the Russian...

... European-born bankers who for nearly 20 years had been scheming to set up a central bank in this country and who in 1912 had spent and were continuing to spend vast sums of money to accomplish their purpose. ... Under the tutelage of those sinister Wall Street figures who stood behind Colonel House, established here in our free country the worm-eaten monarchical institution of the 'king's bank' to...

... Louis T. McFadden) On Thursday June 15, 1933, McFadden went to do battle once more against the imposition of a central bank on America, in gross violation of the United States Constitution. Speaking in the House of Representatives, McFadden complained about foreign bankers taking over the money and credit of the American people, and he concentrated on Jacob Schiff, whom he said, was an agent of the...

... of the Federal Reserve Bank system? The answer is really quite simple: It was done through the money power of the Rothschilds and a group of traitors in the U.S. House and Senate willing to sell their souls in exchange for a life of opulence and ease. Such men are found in all countries, and there is no way to foreclose against their treachery. Their infamous deeds continue to reap a bitter harvest...

.... McFadden murdered for daring to expose the truth For daring to expose the truth about how August Belmont entered the United States for the sole purpose of gaining control of politicians who would make it possible to impose Rothschild control of the money and credit of the United States, McFadden was murdered. There were three attempts on his life; one by a shooting that did not succeed, and two attempts...

..., to preserve and protect America from the ravages of the international bankers who lead International Socialism's onslaught against the Constitution, the blessings of liberty shall be those of the American people. But when our representatives bow to the money power of the international bankers and prostitute themselves on the alter of Rothschild money power then has the hour arrived that We, the...

... of money in circulation. Prior to the regime of the Rothschilds this power resided in the kings and emperors of the world, for they were then the supreme authority. In our country (the United States) our National Constitution vested this power (solely) in the Congress of the United States... Under the Rothschild influence the banking systems of the world were all radically changed. The supreme...

... authority for the issue of money, as well as to extend credit, was transferred by the various governments to the bankers of their respective countries. The Bank of England became the model for other central banks of the world. At the time of the establishment of the Federal Reserve System, our government was the only one of any consequence that even pretended to exercise its sovereign right to issue and...

... control the volume of money in circulation. The establishment of the Federal Reserve System brought about a complete surrender to the banking fraternity of the sovereign power of the American people to regulate values through their congressional representatives, as guaranteed to them by their national Constitution. The panic of 1907 was, like all our other panics, a manipulated one. It was brought about...

... York City, German; was naturalized as an American citizen 1911, was decorated by the Kaiser; was vice-chairman of the United States Federal Reserve Board, is a wealthy and influential banker; handled large sums of money furnished by Germany for Lenin and Trotsky [Ed: for the Russian Revolution]; subject has a brother who is leader of the espionage system of Germany.' The Federal Reserve System is the...

... his control over the economy of all of the people of the world. (Emmanuel Josephson, Rothschild Money Trust, pages 36, 40, 41, 132 134 and 1600) The Rothschilds thwart the U.S. Constitution Chapter 21 What is so astonishing about the audacious hijack of the United States credit and money supply by the Rothschilds is that it was accomplished in the face of stringent provisions in the United States...

...-Belisha... The establishment of a Jewish homeland was not an issue in the world war or in the peace treaty with Germany. The Arabs were our allies and they fought side by side with the soldiers of the allies. It was coldblooded indefensible robbery perpetrated at the instance of 'Elders,' Lloyd George and Woodrow Wilson and Georges Clemenceau. (Rothschild Money Trust, pages 65, 79) The worst of it is...

... Money Trust, page 70) One of the least noticed after effects of WWI and the subsequent peace treaty was the demonetizing of silver, which has always figured prominently in the monetary systems of the world since ancient times. Silver is a noble metal, but it is not regarded as being anywhere near as valuable as gold by the Rothschilds although it has always been a good defense against inflation...

.... Neither silver, gold coins nor scripts/certificates can be inflated. It was most probably with this in mind that the Rothschilds made strenuous efforts to demonetize silver and get rid of coinage in the money systems of the world. I do not propose to give a history of the Bank of England in this book other than to refer to it from time to time. The Bank of England was and still is the model for all...

... effect was to demonetize silver, which had hitherto circulated as coinage in every country, even nation, since time immemorial as real money. This was done because the Rothschilds wanted their war debts to be repaid in gold, a fact that became apparent when they refused to accept payment of Civil War debts in silver and demanded of the United States Government that the debts be paid in gold. No doubt...

..., as there was never enough money for such wars and additional money had to be raised by additional taxation. This meant that at some point, even the slumbering multitudes would become enraged and rise in rebellion against overburdening taxes. Fraudulent fractional reserve banking system The other "defect" was that paper money had to be backed by bullion and what was desirable was the full...

... practice of the old Babylonian system of fraudulent fractional reserve banking meaning in plain language that banks could issue a certain amount of paper money not backed by real assets such as silver and gold. Without these changes and the flood of paper money that followed the Peel Amendment and the Federal Reserve Banks establishment in America, WWI and WWII would not have been possible to promote...

.... There was simply no real money for such wasteful wars, nor would the people have stood for additional taxes to finance such misadventures. In fact, there would have been no Gulf War, no invasion of Iraq in 2002, no bombing of Serbia and no war against Afghanistan, -- were it not for an abundant supply of worthless paper money, which are called U.S. dollars. Accepted as such all over the world - in...

... the ordinary people? They did it by owning and controlling the leaders of both political parties in the British Parliament and the political leaders of both parties in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. Since then, nothing has changed. Rothschilds - lord and master over the money markets of the world The status-quo remains entrenched. The two measures gave the Rothschilds...

... complete control over the monetary and fiscal policies of the British Empire and the complete monetary and fiscal control over the United States, thereby multiplying not only Rothschild wealth, but Rothschild power to dictate policies to both the British and United States Governments, making them "lord and master over the money markets of the world. Disraeli did not say that the Rothschilds achieved...

... with black tassels. All this was devilishly combined in order to make a stronger impression on influential old ladies. And through them, Benjamin learned in London all the secrets needed for his patron-Lionel, with whose money Disraeli stepped into the highest places. Sarah Bradford, in her book Disraeli, states on pages 60 and 186 that Disraeli had "strong Zionist feelings, which he expressed...

... they have sine acquired. (The Rothschilds Financial Rulers of the World, John Reeves, page 86) Mrs. Nesta Webster cannot escape the conclusion that international financiers put up the money (for revolutions and wars.) More it is the Jewish financiers who supply the funds; it is Jews who have been the agents-provocateurs of revolutions of revolutions for the last two thousand years. It is the Jews who...

... resources, to initiate the projects and make all sorts of decisions. It can not just work by itself. Someone has to direct this grand show, and who would that be but not the same biggest and baddest bankers that change their dress to look like some "elite" while controlling the world just the same. What do you need money for if you OWN the whole world? Can you even conceive of an idea of getting rid of...

... culminates in the rule of Lucifer. That is, the whole model of money driven world and private property as such, and all the political systems, no matter what they are, and all the existing ideologies are to be abandoned. The eventual goal is what is known as the NWO, a single global super-state, ruled by the "ruler", who is an absolute dictator, and all the property and wealth of the entire planet belongs...

... to him by implication. One of the major arguments against this entire framework is that it presents it all as some kind of automatic process. The world just functions by itself, with no money, no governments, no political system and no God. But who and why would coordinate and obtain the resources for all these humongous projects, especially considering there is no money? Well, the only one remains...

... guys craving for this "paradise on Earth without God"? Where is the evidence of it? Just the other way around. If they EVER give up the control of money, they will only do it to obtain TOTAL control on all the levels of anything imaginable. That is about the only rational outcome of it. All the evil you see happening in the world, all these fake wars and "colored revolutions" are staged and fomented...

... by them, and the wasteful and polluting energy technologies is their deeds, as they have had a deadly grip on the world with oil and coal via money and gold and their financial might for ages. How do you submit the biggest and baddest bankers who have the world in their pockets unless they achieve even more deadly grip on the world? But there are ALL sorts of problems with the entire ideology...

... systems and Universes. The denial of God is probably the highest intellectual crime there is or could possibly be, even in principle. Because it disconnects you from your roots. Interestingly enough, Jesus said: even a branch needs a wine to grow from. This is the very crux of the matter. Tyranny of Usury Lending money at an interest is precisely why the whole world is in debt up to their ears, as...

...? Well, destruction. Then what? Well, then you have to rebuild the countries. But where do you get the money to do that? Well, from the same ZioNazi bankers that fomented and started those wars! So, the amount of profit and enslavement associated with wars is simply astronomic. A single war of any significant magnitude is enough to enslave the country forever. Interestingly enough, they finance BOTH...

... to lend money at an interest as described in the religious scriptures. It is strictly prohibited to the Jews to loan money at an interest to other Jews, but not "goyim" - non-"Jews", at least according to the "laws" of the Talmud. That is why you see all the social services being cut every year more and more. Because in come countries up to half of their GDP is eaten away by the interest payments...

... on the external government debt. This is precisely the reason the Federal Reserve took over the money in the USA in 1913. It was basically a takeover of the entire country, as from then on, they would be enslaved more and more and more. The U.S. government can not even print its own money, just as John Kennedy tried to do when he has ordered to print four trillion new dollars. That is the real...

... of silver in the U.S. Treasury's vault, the government could introduce new money into circulation. In all, Kennedy brought nearly $4.3 billion in U.S. notes into circulation. The ramifications of this bill are enormous. "With the stroke of a pen, Mr. Kennedy was on his way to putting the Federal Reserve Bank of New York out of business. If enough of these silver certificats were to come into...

... charged interest in order to create the new money. "Executive Order 11110 gave the U.S. the ability to create its own money backed by silver. President Kennedy, The Fed And Executive Order 11110: http://www.rense.com/general44/exec.htm According to Eduard Hodos that Executive Order was exactly the reason why Kennedy was murdered as those bankers would simply loose all the power of issuing the fake money...

... and control the USA. According to some experts, including the Zionists, the fake money known as dollars and the very system is nothing more than the economic crime as money is effectively created out of nothing, not supported by any real value. It is an interesting subject worth studying and there are some excellent videos available on the net that explain exactly how this fake money is created out...

... of nothing. Kennedy's two dollar bill dated 1963. Kennedy's five dollar bill dated 1963. Notice the United States Notes and not Federal Reserve Notes at the top. That was the REAL money and not that fake paper you carry in your pocket supported by nothing more than air, "flowing freely between your ears", just like the "Protocols" state. And that is precisely why John Kennedy was killed and the...

... biggest and baddest ZioNazi bankers kept issuing this fake paper you think is the real money. These external loans can never be repaid. Not possible. Even to pay the interest on these loans they have to create new loans and the debt only accumulates. We are not even talking about paying back the principle amount. And this is precisely the mechanism of enslaving the world. Interestingly enough, this...

... self-evident. What were all those Shnobel (big nose in Yiddish) Prize winners in economics doing for generations? They could not see the simplest thing imaginable that even a five year old child should be able to understand? Why is that? How is THIS kind of thing possible? What can possibly be the end result if you keep borrowing more and more money, to the point that you start borrowing just to pay...

... the interest on your previous loans? Only a complete idiot or a biorobot, zombified to the utmost degree can not see that at the end you become a slave. INEVITABLY so. And they keep preaching you in this very scheme "oh, money is evil. Let us abandon money so there will be a 'paradise on Earth without God'". But what they do NOT tell you is that you are the same man that got in trouble with money...

.... Do you think by removing money you get out of trouble? How? If you are an idiot or a zombie, you will be in your next trouble in no time. Or do you think that if some "smart" bunch of ZioNazis rule you and tell you what to do, what kind of house to live in, you, somehow, magically, become "free"? Are you a COMPLETE idiot or just pretending? What has changed in your understanding and your...

... simply become a myth if there is sufficient energy supply. In fact, money as it is right now is literally worthless. Because it is not supported by anything but promises. From the devil that is. The REAL value in the modern world is not money but ENERGY. Interestingly enough, the authors do not mention the fuelless energy even once. Why? Did not they know about it considering the fact that they...

... Gentiles will depend to such an extent that they will be swallowed up at the "hour" when the industrial crisis will start. Destroy all financial stability; increase economic depressions to the extent of bringing a general world bankruptcy; stop the wheels of industry; make bonds, stocks and paper money worthless; accumulate all the gold of the world in the hands of a certain few people thus withdrawing...

... the Tavistock created "rock" groups which began with "The Beatles." To continue to build up the cult of Christian fundamentalism begun by the British East India Company's servant, Darby, which will be misused to strengthen the Zionist state of Israel through identifying with the Jews through the myth of "God's Chosen People" and by donating very substantial amounts of money to what they...

... the needs of all? Would you use the scientific method to make decisions, or rely on politics or mysticism? How would you handle differences in religious beliefs? You may even consider another system of distribution that doesn't use money as a medium of exchange. On a personal basis, would you seek a position of advantage over others? Would you claim a bigger house, a more luxurious car, or high...

...-definition TV? On what basis would you say you deserve these things? Or that others don't deserve them? Your skill level? Your investment of time and/or money? Remember, if you force any predetermined set of values on other nations, or others in your own nation or neighborhood for that matter, you will generate bad feelings. How would you prevent political corruption? Would you declare universal laws and...

... centuries ago. We still have a society based on scarcity and the use of money. We still have thinking patterns based on old structures used in western Asia several thousand years ago. We are trying to adjust to the rapid advances in technology with obsolete values that no longer work in today's world. Because of tremendous advantages given corporations by lawmakers who owe them their positions, monopolies...

... have insufficient money to purchase even the barest of necessities. How can we think that without altering these conditions, the passing of a law will prevent stealing? This is even more difficult when advertising makes products so enticing. Almost unknowingly, people in the US are exposed to over 2500 advertisements a day. Even a peace treaty cannot prevent another war if the underlying causes are...

... rather a way of intelligently managing the Earth's resources for everyone's well-being. Examining the Conditions that Cause the Problems Perhaps the problem lies elsewhere than in the enactment of more laws or appointing ethical people to government. Perhaps we should look at how we currently obtain and distribute the goods that we need. This is done by "earning" money, either by exchanging one's time...

..., skills, and efforts, or by "investing" in the financial system with the thought of getting more money in return, and exchanging that money for goods and services. This may have been a good method in the past when goods were scarce and technology was in its infancy, but today our advanced technologies could be the tools for a very different scenario. If we look at things scientifically, there is more...

... this: when there is a recession and people have little money to buy things, isn't the Earth still the same place? Aren't there still goods on the store shelves and land to grow crops? It is just the rules of the game that we play by that are obsolete and cause so much suffering. The existence of money is hardly ever questioned or examined, but let's consider our use of money. Money itself does not...

... have any value. It is just a picture on a cheap piece of paper with an agreement among people as to what it can buy. If it rained hundred dollar bills tomorrow, everyone would be happy except the bankers. There are many disadvantages to using this old method of exchange for goods and services. We will consider just a few here and let you add to this list on your own. 1. Money is just an interference...

... between what one needs and what one is able to get. It is not money that people need, it is access to resources. 2. The use of money results in social stratification and elitism based primarily on economic disparity. 3. People are not equal without equal purchasing power. 4. Most people are slaves to jobs they do not like because they need the money. 5. There is tremendous corruption, greed, crime...

..., embezzlement, and more caused by the need for money. 6. Most laws are enacted for the benefit of corporations, which have enough money to lobby, bribe, or persuade government officials to make laws that serve their interests. 7. Those who control purchasing power have greater influence. 8. Money is used to control the behavior of those with limited purchasing power. 9. Goods such as foods are sometimes...

... a clean environment and a high standard of living. There is not enough money to begin to pay for this type of change, but there are more than enough resources on Earth to create it. To review: the Earth has abundant resources and our practice of rationing these resources through the use of money is an outdated method which causes much suffering. It is not money that we need but the intelligent...

... management of the earth's resources for the benefit of everyone. We could best work towards achieving this by using a resource based economy. Recourse-based Economy This is a very different concept than anything else put forth today. To put it simply, a resource-based economy uses resources rather than money, and people have access to whatever they need without the use of money, credits, barter, or any...

... other form of debt or servitude. All of the world's resources are held as the common heritage of all of Earth's people. The real wealth of any nation is not its money, but the developed and potential resources and the people who work toward the elimination of scarcity for a more humane society. If this is still confusing to you consider this: If a group of people were stranded on an island with money...

..., gold, and diamonds, but the island had no arable land, fish or clean water, their wealth would be irrelevant to their survival. What if all the money in the world suddenly disappeared? As long as topsoil, factories, and other resources still remained, we could build anything we chose to build and fulfill our material needs. The bottom line is that money is not what people really need; rather, it is...

... access to the necessities of life. In a resource-based economy, resources are used directly to enhance the lives of our total population. In an economy based on resources rather than money, we can easily produce all of the necessities of life and provide a very high standard of living for everyone. Chapter Five From one System to Another The Transition - Signs of the Times Most people don't begin to...

... look for an alternative social arrangement until theirs no longer works for them. A change from a system as entrenched in our culture as money will most likely require a collapse of the current system. Some things that are happening today could be signs that this collapse is already underway: The industrialized nations of the world are installing more and more automated technology in order to compete...

... businesses scramble to protect their profit margins and exploit more of the earth's land, water, and natural resources. It may take the failure of the debt/money system for the majority of people to loose confidence in it. Then they can examine seriously how a global resource based-economy would operate, and envision what life would be like in such a society. In the chapters that follow, we will glimpse...

... possible when there are no more monetary limitations in the way of accomplishing or providing what's needed. With the restrictions of profit, property, and scarcity eliminated, research labs would quickly begin working together and sharing information freely. There would be no need for patents or proprietary information since the end goal is not to make money in order to continue working, but to achieve...

... university students will help participate in arriving at fast methods of solving these problem. These can be the armies of the future, a large peaceful mobilization to restore and preserve the earth and its people. This has never been done before and can only be done when money is no obstacle. The question is not do we have the money, but do we have the resources and means to accomplish this new direction...

... wealthiest of today. A future without locks on the doors, and no fear of someone hitting you over the head to steal your goods or money is possible -- because everyone has free access to all that is available. And there can be much available by automating and using resources wisely. Cybernation, the merging of computers with production, will unleash an outflow of goods and services never before experienced...

... committee meeting of cells to inform the brain of the infection. The nervous system directs antibodies to the infected site automatically. This automatic response of the nervous system parallels the working of a resource-based economy. The question we have to ask is "What end do we wish the culture to serve?" As the need for money is surpassed and the new mission is the well-being of all people and...

... the common heritage of all people. This is the unifying imperative. If accepted universally, the world will witness an end to the need for armaments, war, drugs, greed, and the other problems brought about by the endless pursuit of money and power. Society has to understand that all of nature is subservient to natural law. Natural law cannot be violated without serious consequences to the individual...

... or money, the basis for unhealthy human aggression is outgrown. People no longer are burdened by the nagging concerns that consume so much attention such as mortgages, health care costs, education fees, fire insurance, economic recession or depression, the loss of jobs, and taxes. With the elimination of these burdens and the removal of the conditions that create feelings of envy, greed, and...

... activities. There would be classes for those interested in theater, photography, painting, ballet, and all of the arts at the music, art, and theater centers. People would be able to go to centers to work on or get help with their new inventions. New horizons open up for people who dared not even imagine these possibilities in the past due to lack of money or time. It is painful to even imagine a life of...

... imply perfection. There are always challenges and unresolved problems. But there would be a great improvement in life styles and the global society could achieve the highest standards possible for the times, both materially and spiritually. How Resources are Distributed Equitably In the world of tomorrow, distribution of goods and services can be accomplished without the use of money or tokens by way...

... have said that it is a genuine bond. Said R. Joseph to him: On what do you base your decision? On this document? But this document is only a piece of clay. R. Idi b. Abin said: The accepted ruling follows the view of Rabbah in the case of the land3  and that of R. Joseph in the case of the money.4  It follows the view of Rabbah in the case of the land, because [we say,] Let the land remain...

... in its present owner ship;5  and that of R. Joseph in the case of the money, because we again say, Let the money remain in its present ownership.6 A certain [man who had gone] surety for a borrower said to him, 'Give me the hundred zuz which I paid the lender on your behalf; here is your bond.' Said the other, 'Did I not pay you?' He rejoined, 'Did you not borrow the money from me again?' R...

.... Idi b. Abin [before whom the case came] sent a message to Abaye [enquiring] as to the ruling for such a case.7  Abaye sent him back answer: What do you want to know?8  Did you not yourself say that the accepted ruling is that of Rabbah in the case of the land and of R. Joseph in the case of the money, namely, that the money should remain In Its present ownership?9  This, however...

..., holds good only if the surety said to the other, 'After repaying, you again borrowed the money from me.'10  If, however, he says, 'I returned it to you because the coins were worn or rusty,' the obligation of the bond still remains. It was rumoured of Raba b. Sharshom that he was using for himself land that belonged to orphans [for whom he was trustee]. So Abaye sent for him and said to him: Tell...

... me now the main facts of the case. He said: I took over this land from the father of the orphans as a mortgage [for money that he owed me], and he owed me - To Next Folio - Original footnotes renumbered. See Structure of the Talmud Files Possibly one not actually forged but referring to a fictitious sale. And since he has admitted as much, how can you say that 'if he had liked he could have said it...

...;19  and furthermore, since the treasurers demand it in the market place. Rami b. Hama said: Now, it has been said that hekdesh cannot be redeemed by land, for the Divine Law ordered, Then he shall give the money, and it shall be assured to him;20  but can its fifth be 'redeemed by' [i.e., rendered in] land? [Again,] terumah can be repaid only by hullin,21  for the Divine Law saith...

..., Then he shall give unto the priest the holy thing,22  implying, that which is eligible to be holy:23  can its fifth24  be rendered out of what is not hullin? [Further, the second] tithe cannot be redeemed by asimon,25  because the Divine Law said, And thou shalt bind up the money in thy hand,26  thus including everything which has a figure:27  can its [additional] fifth...

... be exchanged for uncoined metal? Now, it eventually transpired28  that it [these questions] reached Raba. Thereupon he said to them: Scripture saith, [Then he shall add the fifth part of the money of thine estimation] unto it,29  [which is] to include its fifth as equal to itself [sc. the principal].30 Rabina said: We have learnt likewise: If one stole terumah but did not eat it, he must...

..., 11 (v. Strashun a. l.).] For the reason stated, cf. n. 5. Isa. LVIII, 13; v. n. 1. Actually there is no such verse. Rashi and Tosaf. here and in Pes. 35b s.v. [H], without pointing to the non-existence of this verse, quotes, Then he shall add the fifth part of the money of thy estimation unto it, and it shall be assured to him (Lev. XXVII, 19) as the source of this law, implying money, but not land...

.... But in that case the obvious difficulty arises, to which Tosaf. draws attention in Pes. loc. cit., since the verse primarily refers to the fifth, how can one question whether the implication of 'money' as excluding land refers to the fifth too, besides the principal? In Bek. 51a s.v. [H], however, Tosaf. states on the authority of the Sifra that the deduction is really based upon, and all thy...

... estimations shall be according to the shekel of the sanctuary (v. 25), 'shekel' excluding land. If a zar (v. Glos.) eats it unwittingly, he must make restoration to the priest, and the repayment must be with money of hullin. Lev. XXII, 14. I.e., it becomes holy only when he gives it to the priest; hence he cannot repay him with what is already holy. Which had to be added to the principal: then he shall put...

... hullin. I.e., money to that value. For the second principal is a fine for theft; therefore it is rendered in money, and based on the actual market value of the article stolen (Ter. VI, 4). Tractate List / Glossary / / Bible Reference Baba Mezi'a 54b This proves that the fifth is as the principal.1 Raba said: With respect to robbery it is written, [he shall even restore it in the principal,] and shall...

... hekdesh it is written, And if he that sanctified it will redeem his house, then he shall add the fifth part of the money of thy estimation unto it.12  And we learnt: He who redeems his hekdesh adds a fifth.13  Now, only a fifth was thus taught, but not a fifth of the fifth.14  What then [is the law]? [The problem arises for this reason:] With respect to terumah it is written, and he shall...

...; Said R. papa to Rabina: Thus did Raba say: The fifth ranks as original hekdesh.20 What is our decision in the matter? — R. Tabyomi said in Abaye's name: Scripture saith, Then he shall add the fifth part of the money of thy estimation [unto it]: thus its fifth is assimilated to its assessed value:21  just as a fifth is added to the assessed value, so is a fifth added to the fifth of its...

...! And not as a substitute at all. Thus: the original is redeemed at par, and that principal ranks as a substitute. The added fifth, however, is not a substitute, but in the nature of money now consecrated for the first time in obedience to the Scriptural law that when one redeems hekdesh he must consecrate something (viz., a fifth) in addition. Hence, though no fifth is added when the principal is...

... redeemed, it may be necessary for the fifth. Lit., 'the money of his estimation'. In point of fact the analogy appears defective, since a fifth is not added when the assessed value is itself redeemed, as has just been stated. But the argument is somewhat like this: the fifth is regarded in exactly the same light as the principal assessment: just as when the principal assessment is made, a fifth is to be...

... is a system of private banks, the creation of a banking aristocracy within an already existing autocracy, whereby a great proportion of banking independence was lost, and whereby it was made possible for speculative financiers to centralize great sums of money for their own purposes, beneficial or not. That this System was useful in the artificial conditions created by war — useful, that is...

..., for a Government that cannot manage its own business and finances and, like a prodigal son, is always wanting money, and wanting it when it wants it — it has proved, either by reason of its inherent faults or by mishandling, its inadequacy to the problems of peace. It has sadly failed of its promise, and is now under serious question. Mr. Warburg's scheme succeeded just in time to take care of...

... tells us, twelve were decided upon. An examination of Mr. Warburg's printed discussions of the subject shows that he at one time considered four, then eight. Eventually, twelve were established. The reason was that one central bank, which naturally would be set up in New York, would give a suspicious country the impression that it was only a new scheme to keep the nation's money flowing to New York...

... of the country. There is no lack of money in New York today. Motion picture ventures are being financed into the millions. A big grain selling pool, nursed into existence and counseled by Bernard M. Baruch, has no hesitancy whatever in planning for a $100,000,000 corporation. Loew, the Jewish theatrical man, had no difficulty in opening 20 new theaters this year — But go into the agricultural...

... states, where the real wealth of the country is in the ground and in the granaries, and you cannot find money for the farmer. It is a situation which none can deny and which few can explain, because the explanation is not to be found along natural lines. Natural conditions are always easiest to explain. Unnatural conditions wear an air of mystery. Here is the United States, the richest country in the...

... world, containing at the present hour the greatest bulk of wealth to be found anywhere on earth — real, available, usable wealth; and yet it is tied up tight, and cannot move in its legitimate channels, because of manipulation which is going on as regards money. Money is the last mystery for the popular mind to penetrate, and when it succeeds in getting "on the inside" it will discover...

... that the mystery is not in money at all, but in its manipulation, the things which are done "in an administrative way." The United States has never had a President who gave evidence of understanding this matter at all. Our Presidents have always had to take their views from financiers. Money is the most public quantity in the country; it is the most federalized and governmentalized thing in...

... the country; and yet, in the present situation, the United States Government has hardly anything to do with it, except to use various means to get it, just as the people have to get it, from those who control it. The Money Question, properly solved, is the end of the Jewish Question and every other question of a mundane nature. Mr. Warburg is of the opinion that different rates of interest ought to...

... obtain in different parts of the country. That they have always obtained in different parts of the same state we have always known, but the reason for it has not been discovered. The city grocer can get money from his bank at a lower rate than the farmer in the next county can get it from his bank. Why the agricultural rate of interest has been higher than any other (when money is obtainable; it is not...

... clearing up. If Mr. Warburg, having educated the bankers, will now turn his attention to the people, and make it clear why one class in the country can get money for business that is not productive of real wealth, while another class engaged in the production of real wealth is treated as outside the interest of banking altogether; if he can make it clear also why money is sold to one class or one section...

...; sometimes thinking perhaps it is money, sometimes thinking perhaps it is power, sometimes thinking perhaps it is prestige, sometimes thinking perhaps it is respectability. Inside you god is hidden The intelligent man first searches his own being before he starts a journey in the outer world. That seems to be simple and logical -- at least first look inside your own house before you go searching all over...

... certainly are of the greatest value -- although they don't have any price. You are not poor. Just not to have money does not make a man poor; not to have power, not to be a president or a prime minister of a country, does not make a man poor. What makes a man poor is not to have a soul. And your soul is so full of songs, so full of dance, so full of laughter -- there is no question of your feeling ashamed...

.... You have given to me the richest gifts that anyone can give. But perhaps you have not thought of it in this way. There are some of the richest people in the world who are so poor inside that all their money cannot make any difference. Their money is outside, and their poverty is inside -- anything from the outside cannot destroy the inner poverty. The inner poverty is destroyed only by inner values...

...? Everyone has gone mad down there since I left. I come back, and what do I find? The Jews are fighting, and the Germans are making money!" Certainly Adolf Hitler must have been shocked. His old idea, that Jews make money and Germans fight, is no longer relevant. Now Jews are having a tough fight and Germans are making more money than anybody else in Europe. Milarepa, you also have the old idea that...

... they have all the money the world can afford... but the money cannot purchase love, the money cannot purchase peace, the money cannot purchase silence, the money cannot purchase prayer, the money cannot purchase God. So what is the use of it? Their inner being remains dark, empty. And it is the inner being that counts finally, because death will take away everything else and leave you only with that...

... to be the same, but in fact, because language is created by unconscious people, they cannot make the fine demarcations. Self-consciousness simply means ego consciousness and self-awareness means soul consciousness. Your ego is a false entity. Because you have so much money, because you have so much power, because you are born in a very respected family... your education, your position in life...

... hard, and with their work I was purchasing Rolls Royces. You can see the absurdity: their work was not bringing any money. Their work was making their own houses to live in, the roads -- which were needing money, not producing money. But in their mind -- and for all those three years also -- they must have been resentful. Those Rolls Royces were not produced by the commune. They were presents from...

... outside, from all over the world. And I was not their owner -- I had given them to the commune. They were commune property, and I have not brought any of them with me; I have left them with the commune. Everything that I had has been left with the commune. I never owned anything. But there must have been the idea that they are earning money, and I am wasting money. That is their resentment. What money...

... were you earning? In fact you needed money to make houses, to make roads, to make a dam -- a dam needed two and a half million dollars to make. You were contributing your labor, but we were not creating money out of it so that I could purchase Rolls Royces, so that I could purchase anything. I have not purchased anything from the money produced by the commune because the commune never produced any...

... money. The commune was absorbing money. In fact all my royalties, all my books, all their profits were going to the commune. The situation is just the opposite -- that I had given everything to the commune. Now, four hundred books in different languages were bringing millions of dollars in royalties, and those royalties were going to the commune. If I had wanted to purchase Roll Royces, I could have...

... trying hard but is not getting even enough money to pay the attorneys. No sannyasin is going to see her. Shanti B and Puja have been given bail by the magistrate -- ten million dollars each. But they cannot collect even ten dollars, what to say of ten million dollars! Who is going to put up ten million dollars for Puja, ten million dollars for Shanti B? These people played with two hundred million...

... dollars, and they remained in the illusion that this money was coming to them! The money was given to me, but because I don't receive anything, I had given the whole money to the commune. And still they feel resentful towards me. They are angry at me. Just to pacify these people, before I left I did everything: I dissolved the religion, because that gives hope to people -- and they start believing that...

... both may keep cattle there. Since in principle they are only three in number: (a) exclusively the plaintiff's premises. (b) exclusively the defendant's, and (c) partnership premises. Tractate List / Glossary / / Bible Reference Baba Kamma 14b The rules are three in number, but the places to which they apply may be divided into four. [1] MISHNAH. THE VALUATION [IS MADE] IN MONEY [BUT MAY BE PAID] BY...

... MONEY'S WORTH, IN THE PRESENCE OF THE COURT AND ON THE EVIDENCE OF WITNESSES WHO ARE FREE MEN AND PERSONS UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF THE LAW. WOMEN ARE ALSO SUBJECT TO THE LAW OF TORTS. [BOTH] THE PLAINTIFF AND DEFENDANT ARE INVOLVED IN THE PAYMENT. GEMARA. What is the meaning of THE VALUATION IN MONEY? Rab Judah said: This valuation must be made only in specie. We thus learn here that which has been...

... taught by our Rabbis elsewhere: [2] In the case of a cow damaging a garment while the garment also damaged the cow, it should not be said that the damage done by the cow is to be set off against the damage done to the garment and the damage done to the garment against the damage done to the cow, the respective damages have to be estimated at a money value. BY MONEY'S WORTH. [This is explained by what...

... implied? Rabbah b. 'Ulla said: The article of distress has to be worth all that is paid for it [in money]. [3] What does this mean? An article which is not subject to the law of deception? [4] Are not slaves and deeds also not subject to the law of deception? [4] — Rabbah b. 'Ulla therefore said: An article, title to which is acquired by means of money. [5] Are not slaves [6] and deeds [7...

...] similarly acquired by means of money. [6] R. Ashi therefore said: 'Money's worth' implies that which has money's worth, [8] whereas chattels are considered actual money. [9] Rab Judah b. Hinena pointed out the following contradiction to R. Huna the son of R. Joshua: It has been taught: 'MONEY'S FORTH implies that the Court will not have recourse for distraint save to immovable property; behold, was it not...

... in the case of one who borrowed money and sold his possessions before having been summoned to Court, the Court does not collect the debt out of the estate which has been disposed of? [15] — The text therefore excepts a Court of laymen. [16] ON THE EVIDENCE OF WITNESSES, thus excepting a confession of [an act punishable by] a fine for which subsequently there appeared witnesses, in which case...

... could not be said to be worth less than the price paid for it,' and is thus never subject to the law of deception. This holds good with immovable property; cf. B.M. 56a. Cf. B.M. ibid. Kid. 26a. Cf. Kid. 23b. [Tosaf. deletes 'deeds' as these are not acquired by money but by Mesirah (v. Glos.). cf. B.B. 76a.] I.e., immovable property. As these could easily be converted into money, v. supra p. 26. Ex...